2011 National Patient Safety Goals

2011 National Patient Safety Goals Core Competency Pre-Test Reading Material Identify patient/residents correctly Use at least two ways to identify patient/residents. For example, use the patient/resident’s name and date of birth. This is done to make sure that each patient/resident gets the medicine and treatment meant for them. Make sure that the correct patient/resident gets the correct blood type when they get a blood transfusion. Improve staff communication Quickly get important test results to the right staff person.When taking orders from a physician you must read back and verify orders received and document as such. Shift report must be given to oncoming care givers and after procedures. Standardize abbreviations, acronyms and symbols that are not to be used throughout the organization. Use medicines safely Label all medicines that are not already labeled. For example, medicines in syringes, cups and basins. Take extra care with patient/residents who take medicines to thin their blood. Blood thinners such as Coumadin, Lovenox and Heparin have many drug and food interactions.Prevent infection Hand washing is the most important step in preventing infection. Indications for hand washing o o o o o When hands are visibly dirty or visibly soiled with blood or other body fluids, wash hands with either a soap and water If hands are not visibly soiled, use an alcohol-based hand rub for routinely decontaminating hands Wash hands before having direct contact with patients Wash hands before donning gloves for all procedures Wash hands after contact with a patient Page 1 of 3 Â ©2008- 2010 API Healthcare Corporation.All rights reserved. o o o o Wash hands after contact with inanimate objects (including medical equipment) in the immediate vicinity of the patient Wash hands after removing gloves Before eating and after using a restroom, wash hands soap and water Wash hands with soap and warm water if exposed to C-Diff Use proven guidelines to prevent infection s that are difficult to treat. Treatment of Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDROs) may require one or more antibiotics. VRE and MRSA are two of most prevalent MDROs.Ensure cultures and sensitivities are done and patient treated accordingly. Use proven guidelines to prevent infection of the blood from central lines. Ensure cultures and sensitivities are done and patient treated accordingly. Use safe practices to treat the part of the body where surgery was done. Properly clean and disinfect all equipment between patient use to reduce chance of spreading infection. Check patient/resident medicines Find out what medicines each patient/resident is taking at home.Make sure that it is OK for the patient/resident to take any new medicines with their current medicines. Give a list of the patient/resident’s medicines to their next caregiver or to their regular doctor before the patient/resident goes home. Give a list of the patient/resident’s medicines to the patient/resident a nd their family before they go home. Explain the list. Some patient/residents may get medicine in small amounts or for a short time. Make sure that it is OK for those patient/residents to take those medicines with their current medicines.Identify patient/resident safety risks Find out which patient/residents are most likely to try to kill themselves. Find out if there are any risks for patient/residents who are getting oxygen. For example, fires in the patient/resident’s home. (Home Care) Page 2 of 3 Â ©2008- 2010 API Healthcare Corporation. All rights reserved. Prevent patient/residents from falling Find out which patient/residents are most likely to fall. For example, is the patient/resident making any medicines that might make them weak, dizzy or sleepy?Take action to prevent for these patient/residents. Hourly rounds by the staff have shown to reduce the number of falls. Prevent bed sores (Long Term Care) Find out which residents are most likely to have bed sores. Take a ction to prevent bed sores in these patient/residents. From time to time, re-check residents for bed sores. * Obtained from Joint Commission. Com 2010 Easy to Read Patient Safety Goals Page 3 of 3 Â ©2008- 2010 API Healthcare Corporation. All rights reserved.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Since it's first introduction in the year 1983, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has very rapidly become a fundamental tool for improving the health and human life. PCR was developed by Dr. Kary Mullis, who was at the time working for Cetus Corporation as a chemist. PCR is the quick and efficient method for making unlimited copies of each and every inch of DNA. It can also be adapted to allow amplification of RNA samples as well as DNA samples from any type of organism. PCR is simplified into a 3-step process, which is repeated for 30-40 cycles. The procedure begins with the first step called denaturation. In the phase of denaturation, the structure of the DNA is altered. The double-stranded DNA melts and exposes into two pieces of single-stranded DNA at approximately 94 degrees Celsius. Transitioning into the second step called annealing or in other words, pairing up together. At a temperature of 54 degrees Celsius, the primers cool down and join to the single-stranded DNA or â€Å"template†. The double-stranded DNA then attaches to the polymerase and starts to shoot out copies. Finally during the last stage of the PCR process known as elongation or extension, the polymerase works it's magic. At 72 degrees Celsius the DNA building blocks are paired up with the DNA primers, to create a double-stranded DNA molecule. After all the processes are completed in one cycle round, a single portion of double-stranded DNA is finally enlarged into two separate pieces of double-stranded DNA. However, as the cycles repeat themselves, more and more clones are generated and the number of DNA copies are intensified exponentially. The procedure of doing a PCR is more vital than we may fathom. It has been found to cure and diagnose genetic diseases, locate bacteria and viruses, DNA fingerprinting, study paternity, biological relationships, and human evolution. All in all, PCR has become widely known to biologists, DNA labs, and many other forensics laboratories. PCR is also one of the quickest testing methods to many diseases, for example The Human Immunodeficiency Virus, commonly known as HIV. HIV is a very difficult disease to find and eradicate. The earlier tests depended on the presence of antibodies in the human bloodstream. When performing the antibody test, there may be no results until weeks after exposure to the virus. Nevertheless, when performing a PCR test results appear much faster, and as little as one genome among 50,000 host cells can be easily detected. PCR can efficiently detect the forensics of HIV, rather than the antibodies contained in the blood. The same goes for Tuberculosis, which are also complicated in sampling from patients, PCR tests speed up the results so that precautions may be taken as soon as possible. PCR testing is one of the many ways that can assist in detecting several diseases, and yet PCR is very vital to the human life.

Effects Of Advertising On Personal Privacy And Security

Effects of Advertising on Personal Privacy and Security: Persuasive Essay As the world wide web continues to become more prevalent in everyday tasks and the internet continues to evolve, so does the world of advertising. Everyone encounters some form of advertising daily, with the most common being internet advertising. According to Patricia Garner, â€Å"internet advertising is by far the fastest-growing medium.† She continues by stating â€Å"improved advertising formats make Internet display more interactive and effective, with consumers more likely to view, remember, and interact with them than older formats like TV, radio, and print media. Also, technological advancements in media buying space are helping advertisers to reach the target†¦show more content†¦In theory, the consumer can control a portion of what data is collected and used, however they first need to recognize that many times consent is given for these practices just by using a service. While I can acknowledge that certain data that is stored can be beneficial in the way of simpler web searches, customized results on entertainment platforms such as YouTube, and easier use of some applications, I do not believe that the amount of data being harvested and stored for benefit outweighs the risks. I believe that consumers would rather spend an extra ten seconds to finish typing a sentence with peace of mind knowing that a vast amount of personal information about them is not being collected and stored, by Google. Another significant factor in user privacy is that users often agree, sometimes unknowingly, to allow their information to be shared with third parties. Evans explains â€Å"a consumer may feel differently about providing search data associated with her IP address to a search engine provider if she knew the search engine provider would sell the data to another vendor that had figured out a way to associate her IP with her personal information† (Evans, 32). 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Tom Head - ThoughtCo

Mark2051 Notes - 4736 Words

MARK2051 What is marketing strategy? The process of matching the organisation’s strengths to the customer needs, with the aim of achieving a competitive advantage in the market. The combination of product, price, distribution and promotion most suited to a particular group of consumers. †¢ Goal: the create a sustainable competitive advantage in the market †¢ All the elements of the marketing strategy that lead to the development of the competitive advantage require good understanding of consumer behaviour Marketing strategy process: †¢ 1. Segment: understand consumers a. Determine the dimensions (age, geography, subculture) b. Determine the heterogeneity c. Define the needs goals 2. Target: choose consumers a. Evaluate each segment in†¦show more content†¦Reducing the need gap below the point motiving change in behaviour for habitual buyers Gestalt psychology: the name given to the school of psychology that examines the process by which information about a stimulus is organised and categorised by the human brain into patterns. Th ink sw ap Do cu me nt Cognitive interpretation: a process whereby stimuli are placed in existing categories of meaning Affective interpretation: the emotional or feeling response triggered by a stimulus Lecture 4 – Stimulus Perception Stimulus: an object or an event in the external environment becomes a stimulus when it comes into contact with the consumer’s sense organs Sensory organs Eye Principles of visual perception o Trichromatic theory There are 3 cones: 1. S cones – sensitive to blue 2. M cones – sensitive to green 3. L cones – sensitive to red o Opponent process theory There are 3 mechanisms that respond to a pair of opposites: Blue-yellow Green-red Black-white o Gestalt †¢ Ears Senses airborne chemical molecules †¢ Related to memories emotions †¢ Consists of 10 million rods embedded in the olfactory epithelium – responding to different chemicals Th Olfactory ink sw Detects different physical characteristics of pressure waves: †¢ Pitch: perception of the frequency of sound waves (umber of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a unit of time) †¢ Loudness: the perception of the intensity of sound (the pressure exerted by sound

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Rfid Political and Legal Influences - 3679 Words

Political and Legal Influences RFID technology has come a long way since it was introduced and many different uses have been found for this technology, most of which bring up many political and legal issues. These tiny RFID microchips have the ability to store and transmit information. In many cases this is an extremely helpful technology that stores utilize to help with keeping inventory, and to prevent loses of stolen goods, however this technology is being used just for keeping inventory. These chips have the ability to store a very large amount of personal data, down to how the company can better market and cater to what that particular buyer wants. For example, there is a Prada store in New York City containing, â€Å"readers†¦show more content†¦By â€Å"spoofing† that person activates multiple tags and is able to read all of the information off of multiple tags collecting all of the information allows that person access to much more personal data than what would be available on a single tag. The other major issue with spoofing is that the â€Å"spoofer† does not need to be running on the same frequency as all of the tags, they just need to be running at the same frequency as the spoof tag, which makes identity theft much easier than trying to find individual frequencies for multiple tags. With negatives about any technology there are always positives surrounding it as well. Tagging can be implemented into any hospital or medical field saving lives and money. 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