a U.S Intervention essays

a U.S Intervention essays As early as the 1500s, the idea of constructing a ship canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans occurred to navigators and explorers, as the geographical form of the Central American Isthmus was becoming known. Many Isthmus surveys were made over the years. Opinion remained divided between a route through Panama and a longer route through Nicaragua. This divided opinion continued until the building of the Panama Canal was begun by the U.S. in 1904. By the end of the century the U.S. government would find themselves in an unnerving situation; concerned with the Panama Canal and other economic interests would unfortunately demonstrate unequaled force and damage to an innocent people with their focus on something other than what was in the sights of their rifles. Panama was originally created by the US in 1903 so that they could build a canal between the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. Noriega, Panamas defacto leader, was in league with the US, the CIA, and the Drug Enforcement Agency until 1986. In June 1987 violent popular demonstrations erupted in the streets, due to reports of election fraud and Noriegas involvement in major human rights abuses. In February 1988, Noriega was charged by the US courts with aiding in the trafficking of drugs between Columbia and the US. The president of Panama subsequently fired Noriega from commander of the Panamanian Defense Force. The National Assembly replaced the president with a supporter of Noriega. Noriega himself although still sustained most of the power within the Panama Defense Force. The U.S. refused to recognize the new president and placed massive economic pressure on Panama by cutting off U.S. aid, freezing all Panamanian corporations. Noriega was a corrupt dictator heading an efficient narco-militaristic regime in Panama. He was involved in drug trafficking, arms smuggling, money laundering, and the ruthless oppression of his people. He also syste...

Everything You Need to Know About The Great Gatsby Setting

Everything You Need to Know About The Great Gatsby Setting SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One reason that The Great Gatsby has now become a byword for the East Coast of the Roaring 20s - the decadently extravagant post-WWI era - is that Fitzgerald was amazing at creating memorable settings. Whether it's the sprawling luxury of Gatsby's mansion, the drunken chaos of Myrtle's apartment, or the suffocating airlessness of a suite at the Plaza Hotel, The Great Gatsbyfeatures settings that perfectly encapsulate character, mood, atmosphere, and emotions. In this article, I'll go through all of the Great Gatsby settings, explain what role settings play in a novel, show how these settings compare with one another, and explore what symbolic meaning they have. Article Roadmap Why Is Setting Important All the Settings in The Great Gatsby Great Gatsby Time Period Setting 1922 Summertime Comparing and Contrasting PairedGreat GatsbyLocations Midwest versus East Coast Manhattan versus Long Island East Egg versus West Egg Gatsby's mansion versus Daisy and Tom's mansion The Valley of Ashes: Setting and Symbol How to Write About Setting Why Is Setting Important? The literary term "setting" means the time and place of anovel's events. If the characters are the "who," then the setting is the "where" and "when." This "where and when" can be very general - for example, "20th century Earth." Alternately, the setting can beeach of the manydifferent places where any of the novel’s actions occur, no matter how small. For instance, you could a imagine a domestic drama where different rooms in the same house work as different settings. Usually, novels feature several different settings, and authors use descriptive language to explain what these times and places look, smell, sound, and maybe even feel like. Using these descriptions, we can learn a lot! Settings help readers fully understand characters. Character backgrounds, motivations, and the pressures they feel from their environment and surrounding society, are often coded into the places where they are.For example, a 20-year-old woman in a novel set in Victorian England would be under enormous pressure to get married and have kids (this desperation isthe plot of Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth). Meanwhile, the same woman in a novel set in today’s NYC is going to be more worried about getting a job (the main drama in The Devil Wears Prada). Settings develop or affect plot. Actions that are commonplacein one setting would be impossible in another. Often this has to do with what is and isn't considered acceptable behavior. Other times, it has to do with the technology, transportation, or means of communication that are available in a particular time. Many bad decisions in G. R. R. Martin'sSong of Ice and Fire happen because it takes weeks or monthsto get a piece of information from one castle to another - the quasi-medieval setting dictates this part of the plot. Settings contribute to mood,tone, and atmosphere. Many novels use setting as a way of developing a particular mood. For instance, the magical yet desolate and creepy setting of the moors inWuthering Heights creates the prevailing air of menace, imprisonment, and terror that infects that novel. Contrast this with the cozy setting ofLittle Women, where the March house represents the loving, close-knit, family atmosphere of the novel as a whole. Settings are used for symbolic or thematic purposes. Sometimes a particular setting is linked to one of the novel's themes, functions as a symbol, or if used to make moral, ethical, or aesthetic judgments. For example, in The Great Gatsby, the Valley of Ashes – an industrial neighborhood in Queens – symbolizes the desperate circumstances of those who are victims of the capitalist system the novel describes. There's a reason horror movies aren't typically set in sunny green meadows. All the Settings In The Great Gatsby Before analyzing theGreat Gatsby settings, I'm going to briefly explain and describe all the different settings that the novel uses. Time Setting The Great Gatsby takes place during the summer of 1922. The 1920s are a period that is sometimes called the Roaring 20s or the Jazz Age. Location Settings The Great Gatsby takes place in the United States. Most of the characters come from the Midwest to the East Coast. In the novel, the East Coast setting is divided into three distinct places: Manhattan, Long Island, and an industrial part of Queens that the novel calls either the Valley of Ashes or just the ashheaps. In Manhattan, we see two main settings: Tom and Myrtle's apartment uptown in Harlem, and asuite in the very posh Plaza Hotel next to Central Park. Gatsby's Long Island is broken down into two incredibly wealthy towns that face each other across a bay: West Egg, less fashionable and home to new money people,and East Egg, where older and more established families live. We see two WestEgg settings: Jay Gatsby's sprawling, extravagant mansion, and Nick Carraway's small rented house next door. In East Egg lies Tom and Daisy Buchanan's red and white Georgian mansion. In the novel's version of Queens, the main setting is George Wilson's garage and the road that runs next to it, connecting Long Island and Manhattan. Oheka Castle, one of the real life mansions that aresaid to have inspired Fitzgerald. Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. Great Gatsby Time Period Setting What makes the Roaring 20’s different from other periods in history, and why does all the action take place in the summer time? 1922 The novel takes place during a period of enormous change and transition for the U.S. 1919 brought the end of World War I, a war marked byits massive death toll and the horrors of trench warfare which countered the image of soldiering as glorious and heroic. The young men who fought inthe war were dubbed The Lost Generation: the devastated and aimless survivors and the needlessly slaughtered dead. The post-war period in Americawas later dubbed theRoaring 20s because ofthecountry's rapidly growing economy and the greater influence abroad that came as a result of American involvement in the war. Many of the things this time period is famous forconnect with eventsin the novel. Prohibition went into effect in 1920, making almost all recreation alcohol illegal. This means thatany time you see people drinking alcohol in the novel, they are breaking the law. Moreover,Gatsby’s enormous wealth comes from him being a bootlegger - someone who illegally sells alcohol Women got the right to vote in 1919, and the Equal Rights Amendment wasfirst introduced in Congress in 1923. InThe Great Gatsby, the power and agency of women come up often. The three women in the novel make choices about their independence; Daisy and Myrtle find it hard to escape dysfunctional marriages, though they try through affairs; Jordan is able to lead a more independent life. The production and ownership of cars skyrocketedafter Ford popularized the efficient mass production of cars by assembly line. In the 1920, 1 out of 4 Americans owned a car. In the novel, cars are associated with danger and recklessness, as people are constantly either talking about car accidents or getting into them.And of course, the climax of the novel is when Daisy runs over and kills Myrtle. Summer The Great Gatsby pointedly takes place during the summer,as opposed to any other season. I say pointedly because the novel goes out of its way to assign meaning to summertime and to contrast it with the rest of the year - and often even with itself. For example, summer is somehow both healthfully airy and horribly suffocating. Nick initially relishes the Long Island summer, shirking his work because there is "so much fine health to be pulled down out of the young breath-giving air" (1.12). But in the tense confrontation in the Plaza Hotel, where Tom, Gatsby, and Daisy have a life-changing fight, the oppressive and unbearable summer heat means the room has basically no breathable air at all: The room was large and stifling, and, though it was already four o'clock, opening the windows admitted only a gust of hot shrubbery from the Park... "Open another window," commanded Daisy, without turning around. "There aren't any more." "Well, we'd better telephone for an axe- - " "The thing to do is to forget about the heat," said Tom impatiently. "You make it ten times worse by crabbing about it." ...the compressed heat exploded into sound and we were listening to the portentous chords of Mendelssohn's Wedding March from the ballroom below. "Imagine marrying anybody in this heat!" cried Jordan dismally. (7.174-190) Similarly, it's up for debate whether the summer brings with it life - the way we typically associate new foliage with a sense of rebirth - or not. On the one hand, Nick starts out with a traditional view of the summertime: And so with the sunshine and the great bursts of leaves growing on the trees-just as things grow in fast movies-I had that familiar conviction that life was beginning over again with the summer. (1.) But soon, Jordan compares summer unfavorably to the potentially positive change that fall brings when she says. Life starts all over again when it gets crisp in the fall. (7.75) This desire to have life start over again is crucial, since this novel is so interested in how the wish for forward momentum fights against the way the past anchors us and pulls us back. Despite his initial positive feelings about the summer on the East Coast, Nick eventually reverts to his roots in the Midwest. He contrasts the disappointing summer he spends on Long Island withthe season he associates with Midwestern wholesomeness and goodness - winter: That's my middle west- not the wheat or the prairies or the lost Swede towns but the thrilling, returning trains of my youth and the street lamps and sleigh bells in the frosty dark and the shadows of holly wreaths thrown by lighted windows on the snow. I am part of that, a little solemn with the feel of those long winters, a little complacent from growing up in the Carraway house in a city where dwellings are still called through decades by a family's name. I see now that this has been a story of the West, after all- Tom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life. (9.125) I don't know about you, but I'll take this version of summer any day. Comparing and Contrasting PairedGreat GatsbyLocations Now let'stackle theGreat Gatsby settingsthatfunction as foils to one another. We can analyze them by comparing and contrasting them to each other. Midwest vs. East Coast Considering Nick eventually decides that whathe has written is really the story of Midwesterners failing to make it on the East Coast, these might be the two most significant settings in the novel. Still, before we dive in, it's important to remember that this Midwest is Nick's version of the Midwest, which is often undercut (for instance,a lot of Gatsby's criminal business comesas phone calls frombig Midwestern cities like Detroit). Nick describesthe Midwest as the center of all things moral and wholesome.It's a place where everyone is friendly, happy, innocent, and so much "in it together," that when he is describing his memories of the Midwest, Nick doesn't use the pronoun "I," but instead starts writing in the first floors person plural "we": One of my most vivid memories is of coming back west from prep school and later from college at Christmas time...I remember the fur coats of the girls returning from Miss This or That's and the chatter of frozen breath and the hands waving overhead as we caught sight of old acquaintances and the matchings of invitations: "Are you going to the Ordways'? the Herseys'? the Schultzes'?" and the long green tickets clasped tight in our gloved hands. And last the murky yellow cars of the Chicago Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad looking cheerful as Christmas itself on the tracks beside the gate. When we pulled out into the winter night and the real snow, our snow, began to stretch out beside us and twinkle against the windows, and the dim lights of small Wisconsin stations moved by, a sharp wild brace came suddenly into the air. We drew in deep breaths of it as we walked back from dinner through the cold vestibules, unutterably aware of our identity with this country for one strange hour before we melted indistinguishably into it again. (9.123-124) In contrast, the East Coast is a place where everyone is so out for themselves, that after Gatsby dies none of the people whom he spent an entire summer entertaining can even be bothered enough to come to his funeral. In the beginning, this Midwestern quality of goodness strikes Nickas boring, which is why he decides to go East to New York: Instead of being the warm center of the world the middle-west now seemed like the ragged edge of the universe- so I decided to go east and learn the bond business. (1.6) But after his experiences during the summer, Nick comes to see the East as a kind of nightmare of debauchery, violence, and a disregard for human life: Even when the East excited me most, even when I was most keenly aware of its superiority to the bored, sprawling, swollen towns beyond the Ohio, with their interminable inquisitions which spared only the children and the very old- even then it had always for me a quality of distortion. West Egg especially still figures in my more fantastic dreams. I see it as a night scene by El Greco: a hundred houses, at once conventional and grotesque, crouching under a sullen, overhanging sky and a lustreless moon. In the foreground four solemn men in dress suits are walking along the sidewalk with a stretcher on which lies a drunken woman in a white evening dress. Her hand, which dangles over the side, sparkles cold with jewels. Gravely the men turn in at a house- the wrong house. But no one knows the woman's name, and no one cares. After Gatsby's death the East was haunted for me like that, distorted beyond my eyes' power of correction. (9.126-127) Manhattan vs. Long Island The action in The Great Gatsby is about evenly split between Manhattan and Long Island. Overall, Manhattan is the place where characters go to show off their disregard for society’s rules and lawful behavior. It's the easiest place to accommodate sexual indiscretions and shady business dealings: In Chapter 2, Tom takes Nick there to meet his mistress, Myrtle, and go to a party at their apartment, where Tom has sex with her while Nick waits, and where Tom ends the evening by punching Myrtle in the face. Gatsby takes Nick to Manhattan in Chapter 4 to have lunch with Meyer Wolfshiem, the gangster who fixed the World Series and who is Gatsby’s business partner. Finally,Gatsby, Nick, Daisy, Jordan, and Tom to go Manhattan in the explosive Chapter 7 showdown where Daisy chooses Tom over Gatsby. Partly this is because Manhattan is portrayed as a melting pot where a diversity of social classes, races, and backgrounds is par for the course, and where unusual people don't really stand out. For example, check out this passage where Nick and Gatsby are driving into the city: The city seen from the Queensboro Bridge is always the city seen for the first time, in its first wild promise of all the mystery and the beauty in the world. A dead man passed us in a hearse heaped with blooms, followed by two carriages with drawn blinds and by more cheerful carriages for friends. The friends looked out at us with the tragic eyes and short upper lips of south-eastern Europe, and I was glad that the sight of Gatsby's splendid car was included in their somber holiday. As we crossed Blackwell's Island a limousine passed us, driven by a white chauffeur, in which sat three modish Negroes, two bucks and a girl. I laughed aloud as the yolks of their eyeballs rolled toward us in haughty rivalry. "Anything can happen now that we've slid over this bridge," I thought; "anything at all. . . ." Even Gatsby could happen, without any particular wonder. (4.55-58) There are wealthy African-Americans, European immigrants, the living and the dead, all mixed together without a problem. The city is awash in possibility, the "wild promise" that anything could happen there - "even Gatsby." Also, misdeeds are easy to get away with in Manhattan because its size affords everyone enormous anonymity, which Nick loves: I began to like New York, the racy, adventurous feel of it at night and the satisfaction that the constant flicker of men and women and machines gives to the restless eye. I liked to walk up Fifth Avenue and pick out romantic women from the crowd and imagine that in a few minutes I was going to enter into their lives, and no one would ever know or disapprove. (3.157) On the other hand,Long Island is a much smaller, more insular community. Instead of shrugging off anonymous misbehavior, the people on Long Island care deeply about who their neighbors are and what theyare doing. It's harder to conduct affairs, shady business, or whatever else there without incurring the moral opprobrium of everyone else. While Gatsby is unremarkable in Manhattan, in West Egg he becomes the focal point of unending rumors. People say he is related to Kaiser Willhelm (the ruler of Germany during WWI, and thus America's main enemy), that he is a German spy, and any number of other things: Gatsby's notoriety, spread about by the hundreds who had accepted his hospitality and so become authorities on his past, had increased all summer until he fell just short of being news. Contemporary legends such as the "underground pipe-line to Canada" attached themselves to him, and there was one persistent story that he didn't live in a house at all, but in a boat that looked like a house and was moved secretly up and down the Long Island shore. (6.5) Similarly, Tom's affair with Myrtle benefits from its city setting, asTomfeels free to cheat on his wife in public: "he turned up in popular restaurants with her and, leaving her at a table, sauntered about, chatting with whomsoever he knew" (2.4). Meanwhile, when Daisy and Gatsby start their affair, Gatsby has to fire his entire household staff because he is worried that his servants will tell everyone what they've seen: Gatsby had dismissed every servant in his house a week ago and replaced them with half a dozen others, who never went into West Egg Village to be bribed by the tradesmen... The grocery boy reported that the kitchen looked like a pigsty, and the general opinion in the village was that the new people weren't servants at all. Next day Gatsby called me on the phone. "Going away?" I inquired. "No, old sport." "I hear you fired all your servants." "I wanted somebody who wouldn't gossip. (7. 9-14) You can see how rumor immediately spreads and is uncontainable in the close circles of Long Island. Even despite all of Gatsby's precautions, Nick has already "heard" from someone else that Gatsby has fired all his servants. This minute observation of one's neighbors really differentiates the towns in Long Island from the big city of Manhattan. The rumor mill even brings a reporter out to interview Gatsby in Chapter 6. West Egg vs. East Egg While very rich people live in both East Egg and West Egg, the difference is the kind of rich people live in each town. East Egg is for the old money crowd - people whose wealth is inherited, and who have been the upper crust of society for generations. In contrast,West Egg is for the nouveau riche - self-made people who have become rich recently and who were originally born into working or middle-class families. This means that in generaleveryone from East Egg looks down on everyone from West Egg in order to demonstrate their superiority.(Nick is one of the exceptions: he lives in West Egg despite having the family background necessary to fit in in East Egg).At one of Gatsby’s parties, Nick hangs out with an East Egg group who don’t socialize with anyone else and who are clearly there to mock and be appalled by the other party guests: Jordan invited me to join her own party who were spread around a table on the other side of the garden...Instead of rambling this party had preserved a dignified homogeneity, and assumed to itself the function of representing the staid nobility of the countryside- East Egg condescending to West Egg, and carefully on guard against its spectroscopic gayety. (3.37) This also means that since they can’t distinguish themselves through their wealth, East Egg residents rely on their better understanding of the nuances and minutiae of manners and behavior to signal that they are so very far above their West Egg neighbors. We get the sense that every East Egg person is forever sending knowing looks at every other East Egg person every time they encounter someone from West Egg. For example, check out Gatsby’s encounter with Tom’s horseback riding friend Sloane and his woman friend, when Gatsby repeatedly puts his foot in his mouth: Mr. Sloane didn't enter into the conversation but lounged back haughtily in his chair; the woman said nothing either-until unexpectedly, after two highballs, she became cordial. "We'll all come over to your next party, Mr. Gatsby," she suggested. "What do you say?" "Certainly. I'd be delighted to have you."... "You come to supper with me," said the lady enthusiastically. "Both of you."... Gatsby looked at me questioningly. He wanted to go and he didn't see that Mr. Sloane had determined he shouldn't... "My God, I believe the man's coming," said Tom. "Doesn't he know she doesn't want him?" "She says she does want him."... Suddenly Mr. Sloane and the lady walked down the steps and mounted their horses. "Come on," said Mr. Sloane to Tom, "we're late. We've got to go." And then to me: "Tell him we couldn't wait, will you?" Tom and I shook hands, the rest of us exchanged a cool nod and they trotted quickly down the drive, disappearing under the August foliage just as Gatsby with hat and light overcoat in hand came out the front door. (6.38-59) Gatsby, the quintessential West Egg-er, can’t tell that the woman doesn’t want him to come to her party. He is even less able to see that Sloane really doesn’t want him to come. And he doesn’t seem to sense how rude they are being to him - something which Tom and Nick pickup on immediately. This social cluelessness and lack of social adroitness translate into the style with which Gatsby lives his life. He spends enormous sums of money, but with every purchase, he is always showing that he is new to the moneyed scene. Let’s see how this plays out in his house. Gatsby’s Mansion vs. Daisy and Tom’s Mansion The differences between old money and new money are reflected primarily bydifferences in style, aesthetics, and taste. Gatsby typifies the ostentatious, over-the-top conspicuous consumption of those whose wealth is new and so must be always on display: I lived at West Egg, the- well, the less fashionable of the two, though this is a most superficial tag to express the bizarre and not a little sinister contrast between them. My house was at the very tip of the egg, only fifty yards from the Sound, and squeezed between two huge places that rented for twelve or fifteen thousand a season. The one on my right was a colossal affair by any standard- it was a factual imitation of some Hà ´tel de Ville in Normandy, with a tower on one side, spanking new under a thin beard of raw ivy, and a marble swimming pool and more than forty acres of lawn and garden. It was Gatsby's mansion. (1.14) His house is a reproduction of French chateau. This is ridiculous both because this French design is out of place in America, and also because it is a visibly brand new building trying to replicate something that would be centuries old. It’s completely ludicrous, and it is telling that the only person who has the desiredresponse to this mansion is Gatsby’s father: It was a photograph of the house, cracked in the corners and dirty with many hands. He pointed out every detail to me eagerly. "Look there!" and then sought admiration from my eyes. (9.102) Gatsby’s father has the same taste as Gatsby - the appreciation of a poor person for the trappings of wealth. Meanwhile, Daisy and Tom live in a house that is also extravagant, but one that has its luxury somewhat concealed: Their house was even more elaborate than I expected, a cheerful red and white Georgian Colonial mansion overlooking the bay. The lawn started at the beach and ran toward the front door for a quarter of a mile, jumping over sun-dials and brick walks and burning gardens- finally when it reached the house drifting up the side in bright vines as though from the momentum of its run. The front was broken by a line of French windows, glowing now with reflected gold, and wide open to the warm windy afternoon (1.18) The windows were ajar and gleaming white against the fresh grass outside that seemed to grow a little way into the house. A breeze blew through the room, blew curtains in at one end and out the other like pale flags, twisting them up toward the frosted wedding cake of the ceiling- and then rippled over the wine-colored rug (1.26) The house is much more fit for its location - Georgian Colonial is an architectural style that is appropriate toAmerica (as its name suggests, it came from England during the colonial period). The description also confirms the permanenceof the Buchanans' mansion. Gatsby’s house is fighting with its surroundings (it’s off both in time period, and it seems to be having a problem with the â€Å"raw† ivy). In contrast, Daisy and Tom’s house is so much a part of the environment that the grass â€Å"seemed to grow a little way into the house,† blurring outside and inside just like the open windows that let the breeze blow through. It may not be too much to read some foreshadowing into these contrasting descriptions: Gatsby’s house is too new and not rooted enough. Meanwhile, the place where Daisy and Tom live is deeply embedded and seems unbreakable. No one's pulling this thing out of the ground anytime soon. The Valley of Ashes: Setting and Symbol The Valley of Ashesin The Great Gatsby functions both as a literal place where the climactic event of the novel happens, and is also a powerful symbol – in other words, a concrete object that stands for an abstract idea connected to the novel's themes. The Valley of Ashes is the name that Nick gives to an industrial neighborhood in Queens that the rich have to drive through on their way from the Eggs to Manhattan. This is where George Wilson has his gas station, and where Myrtle Wilson is run over and killed by Daisy. Suitably, it is a horribly bleak and drab place: About half way between West Egg and New York the motor-road hastily joins the railroad and runs beside it for a quarter of a mile, so as to shrink away from a certain desolate area of land. This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air. Occasionally a line of grey cars crawls along an invisible track, gives out a ghastly creak and comes to rest, and immediately the ash-grey men swarm up with leaden spades and stir up an impenetrable cloud which screens their obscure operations from your sight. (2.1) This is the place where those who cannot make it in the cutthroat world of East Coast capitalism end up. It is also the place propping up much of that wealth through the production coming from the factories that are polluting the spot. But the description that transforms the ash that covers everything from simply being dust to a scary substance capable of creating otherworldly plans and people signals that this Valley of Ashes has rich symbolic meaning. For a detailed analysis of how this symbol functions within the great Gatsby, check out our articles on how to approach symbols in general and on the Valley of Ashes as a symbol in particular. How to Write About The Great GatsbySetting So how do you use setting to create a compelling essay? Pick a Topic There are severalways to go about findingyour topic when tackling this kind of assignment. Here are some possibilities: Close reading. You can focus on settings themselves, digging really deeply into the description of one, two, or more places or times in the novel to explore how word choice, similes, metaphors, and any other literary devices help the reader visualize location. For example, you could trace the way the word "ash" appears in the novel, at first defining The Valley of Ashes itself is a kind of fantastical alternate reality, and then spreading outtoward the places of the privileged. You could focus on a literary device called metonymy, using a part to stand in for the whole, and explore why the novel chooses to focus on Dustin Ash as the representative aspect of this neighborhood. Connection to character. Often, setting is away to define character. If you write about this, your essay will tease out the common qualities of a character and of the place most closely associated with that character. These will either be synergistic, with one amplifying the other, or else theywill play as a contrast, undercutting the character. In our case, for instance, Gatsby's mansion speaks volumes about how he sees himself andhis money, and also about the vast gulf that separates him from the upper elite that he really wants to be part of. Conversely, Nick's pokey little house seems humble and unassuming, much like Nick wants to project himself to be. But in reality, by being located next to obscenely luxurious mansions, the house is only falsely modest, and shows off some of Nick's poorly disguised snobbery. (Read more about all the novel's characters in our overview article.) Connection to theme. Similarly, setting can help clarify a novel's theme by providing a concrete example of an abstract idea. In the great Gatsby, you could focus on the way one or more of the settings play into the failure of the American Dream, one of this novel's most salient themes. One way to do this would be to focus on the Valley of Ashes, the place where dreams come to die, both literally and figuratively. If the idea of the American dream is that through hard work anyone can become successful, then George Wilson's tragic fate, as exemplified through his garage and circumstances, serves to completely debunk this myth. Create an Argument It’s not enough to just describe one of the novel'ssettingsand explain its possible connections to either character or theme - or to compare and contrast it to another setting. Instead, you have to make sure that you’re making some kind of point about why/how the settingfunctions in the novel as a whole. How do you know if you’re making an argument and not just saying the obvious? If you can imagine someone arguing the opposite of what you’re saying, then you’ve got an argument on your hands. Once you've figured out what you want to argue, startsmall by analyzing chunks of the text where the symbol pops up, and then broadening your points out to the rest of the book. This way, your argument will be strengthened by textual evidence. What’s Next? Learn how to write about the themesthat settingsare usually linked to. Get help on other assignments by reading our guide on analyzingor comparing and contrasting characters. Brush up on the context of these settingsin our summary of The Great Gatsby. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Intergovernmental Exercise Example

Intergovernmental Exercise Example Intergovernmental Exercise – Essay Example Intergovernmental Finance Exercise Type A grant The origin of the tax is identified as personal income taxes, corporate income taxes, generalsales taxes and taxes on alcoholic beverages. The allocation of the specified share is identified as the population and the effort undertaken towards paying of the tax. 2. Type G grant This is because the decision is to assist provincial governments hence making it an ad hoc decision without a clear strategy. The cost put towards the â€Å"assistance† has no specified origin or clarity in the amount that is sent out. However, it is significant to tell between it from type H grant since this assistance is done annually. 3. Type H grant The situation falls under type H grant since the response to the situation at hand is ad hoc and the means of assistance are also unplanned. The duration through which this assistance will be carried out is undetermined too. It is also unknown what amount of assistance will be required. 4. Type F grant This is a type F grant because the decision to assist is based on the formula/determination of areas with highest poverty and infant mortality rates and substandard housing. It is differentiated from grant B because the method of assistance is not specified. 5. Type F grant The amount of assistance is not specified (only referred to as a portion of the tax revenue)and the assistance is partial based on the expenditure needs. The method used to determine the assistance is formula based since the distribution is determined by how extra ordinary the needs in expenditure are and on an equal per capita basis grant basis. The decision to give this assistance is also ad hoc. 6. Type B grant The origin of the tax is VAT and the tax distributed is specific. The tax is distributed on a formula based method that is 75% of it is given on the basis of an equal per capita perspective. The rest is given to states that have a below average tax capacity. The fact that it is accounted for tax and distributed by formula makes it a type B grant. 7. Type G grant The government provides reimbursement that is unspecified through an unplanned means. This makes this situation a type G grant. 8. Type H grant The provision of the income tax is annual though the share allocated is not specified (Ad hoc) and the method used to allocate these funds is also unclear (Ad hoc). This makes the situation a type H grant. 9. Type G grant The government repays the local government that is affected by the loss incurred in paying its fiscal need. This is an unplanned decision which pays for approved expenditures which are indispensable public requirements such as learning, public protection and transportation. That gives the basis of the formula used in the assistance hence making it a type G grant. 10. Type K grant The assistance is made as a reimbursement of an approved government project. This automatically qualifies it to be a type K grant. Bibliography Bahl, Roy and Johannes F. Linn. Intergovernmental Finance. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

The Person-Centered Approach

The Person-Centered Approach Free Online Research Papers Over the past 50 years, counselors have begun to accept different approaches to the therapeutic process then those used previously. It was because of the initial thoughts put forth by a man named Carl Rogers, and his belief that there is more to the therapy process then the authoritarian approach that was being used at the time. Over the course of 4 phases in Roger’s development came about the concept of the Person-Centered approach. Adopted by counselors in the 60’s and 70’s as a part of the â€Å"Third Force†, along with existential and gestalt therapy, as an alternative to psychoanalytic and behavioral approaches (Corey, 2005). Person-Centered Therapy was never presented as a completed work, rather one of which Rogers hoped other would merely use as principles willing to be evolved. These principles were looked at by Rogers as required to gain a good therapist – client relationship which was a prime determinant of the outcome of the therapeutic process. These principles best outlined by Roger’s (1956) as, Two person’s in psychological contact. The first, whom we shall term the client, is in a state of incongruence, being vulnerable, or anxious. The second person, whom we shall term the therapist, is congruent or integrated in the relationship. The therapist experience unconditional positive regard for the client. The therapist experiences an empathetic understanding of the client’s internal frame of reference and endeavors to communicate this experience to the client. The future has brought about much need for the evolution of this theory, but this paper is meant to focus on these principles set forth by Rogers. Overtime the clients and problems may have changed, but by keeping these principles in mind, the approach is still the same. It was with a humanistic philosophy that Rogers created the person – centered approach, and with his principles rooted deeply in humanistic values, it is necessary to have a good understanding of how they came to be. The humanistic philosophy is similar yet much different from that of existentialism, of which takes the position that we are faced with the anxiety of choosing to create an identity in a world that lacks intrinsic meaning (Corey, 2005). The humanistic philosophy takes a somewhat less anxiety evoking position that each of us has a natural potential that we can actualize and through which we can find meaning (Corey, 2005). It was within this concept that Rogers developed his theory over the years. At the time there was only an authoritarian approach to counseling, of which Roger’s disagreed with, which started his theory of a non directive climate in the 1940’s. It was within this approach that Roger’s looked to stop the amount of input a therapist contributed to the counseling process; instead therapists concentrated on the clients verbal and non verbal communications. This approach over time evolved into a form of therapy referred to as client – centered. With this form Roger’s led away from the focus on the non directive approach and started focusing primarily on the client. With the client in mind, the next period of evolution that Roger’s encountered is where he defined his principles of which he wrote about in his paper, â€Å"The Necessary and Sufficient Conditions of Therapeutic Personality Change.† It is in this paper that Roger’s presented his theory of psychotherapy as a set of therapist â€Å"Core Attitudes† (Prouty, 1994). It is with these â€Å"Core Attitudes† that Roger’s defined the aim of the therapeutic process, â€Å"the aim of therapy is not merely to solve problems, rather; it is to assist clients in their growth process, so that the y can better cope with the problems they are now facing and with future problems.† (Corey, 2005). It was in the principles of; congruence, unconditional positive regard, and accurate empathetic understanding, that we find a way to promote a growth producing climate. Congruence Congruence or genuineness, involves letting the other person know â€Å"where you are† emotionally (Rogers, 1980). This can be either positive or negative, and the therapist must express their feelings to be as genuine as possible. The reason that the therapist must express all feelings toward their client is to avoid the temptations to present a faà §ade or hide behind a mask of professionalism or to assume a confessional professional attitude (Germain, 1993). The reason that it is so important for the therapist to become congruent with their client is to create a trusting relationship of which the client can let the therapist into their lives. Rogers gradually came to look at the therapist’s congruence as a crucial factor in establishing trust, and came to emphasize the idea of acceptance and empathy only being effective when they are perceived as genuine (Germain, 1993). In the views of Rogers it is essential to be living together in a climate of realness (Rog ers, 1980). This realness can only be assumed when the therapist can be completely open with their client as to how they feel about their presenting problem as well as the client’s way of life as a whole. This action of being completely open does not always have to be viewed in a good light by the client, but as long as the client knows that the therapist is being completely open with them, then the process can continue. This way of being is described here by Rogers in 1961, â€Å"The term ‘congruent’ is one I have used to describe the way I would like to be. By this I mean that whatever I am feeling or attitude I am experiencing would be matched by my awareness of that attitude.† It is within this self awareness that makes acceptance possible because there can be no openness to the clients experience if there is no openness to one’s own experience (Germain, 1993). Unconditional Positive Regard Once congruence between the therapist and the client is achieved, it is time to move on to the next principle that Rogers distinguished. Unconditional positive regard is exactly that, no matter what the client is feeling, the therapist must show a positive approval of how they are feeling. This is due to the true importance of unconditional positive regard and its power to build up or restore the client’s unconditional positive self regard (Iberg, 1996). It is Rogers’s theory that most of the clients that a therapist will see, have merely been looked over and never really made feel like they are accepted or cared for. It is within this principal that Rogers attempts to show an acceptance and unconditional caring for the client as â€Å"who they are† rather then who they are expected to be or as Rogers states it as â€Å"a caring for the client, but not in a possessive way or in such a way as simply to satisfy the therapists own needs† (Rogers, 1992). The therapist must make the client feel that they are able to convey their thoughts without fear of rejection or loss of acceptance by the therapist. It is the therapist job to make sure that their basis for caring for their client is not because of their need to be accepted themselves. This might hinder the experience that the client needs to go through as much as if the therapist had no respect or a dislike of their client. That is why congruence needs to be developed before the therapeutic process can begin, without a genuine approach to caring for the client the whole process will not be successful. Accurate Empathetic Understanding After the first two steps of Rogers’s theory have been completed then the therapist can continue on to an accurate empathetic understanding. This principle is based off the idea of empathy as Rogers defines â€Å"to sense the clients private world as if it were your own, but without ever losing the â€Å"as if† quality† (Rogers, 1992). That is the key to being an empathetic therapist, to never lose the â€Å"as if† mentality, to sense the clients feelings without ever getting caught up in them as if they were your own. The Merriam Webster Dictionary states that Empathy â€Å"is the action of understanding, being aware of, or being sensitive to.† This is exactly what Rogers meant by putting it into the principles of what a good therapist needs to do during therapy, to be able to understand and accurately be aware of the problems that the client is conveying. This is indicated in research done by Fieldler in which items such as the following pla ced high in the description of a relationship created by an experienced therapist. The therapist is well able to understand the patient’s feelings; the therapist is never in any doubt about what the patient means; the therapist’s remarks fit in just right with the patients mood and content; the therapists tone of voice conveys the complete ability to share the patients feelings. (Rogers, 1992) With all of these principals working together to create a valuable client-therapist relationship, an accurate empathetic understanding is one of the most important. The client must first be able to trust the therapist, and then feel that the therapist actually cares about what is being said, but without an accurate understanding of what is being said then the client would not feel as though the therapist is actually listening. Summary It was my intent with this paper to explain the principals of the person centered approach created by Carl Rogers. The reason that I feel that this approach is meaningful is that I have always felt that anyone has the ability to figure out their own problems. In life it is easy for people to get knocked off their horse, in a matter of speaking, but it is how we get back on that horse and continue to live is how living life is possible. Sometimes I feel as though it is hard to get up off the ground by yourself but the ability is still inside of you. That is why when I first heard about the person-centered approach, I was so intrigued by the elements that made up this theory. These principles that Rogers has developed, help to create an environment at which clients are able to hash out their problems in a self directed way. The therapist is merely a listener, there to make the client feel that what they are feeling is ordinary. Even though they may long for an authoritarian â⠂¬Å"answer†, the therapist does not give one yet just responds with points that the client has already made. Even though Rogers created this theory in a different time and age, when, if presented with some of the problems that therapist face today, it may have been harder to meet the criteria for his principles. I still feel as though these principals can be effective in any therapeutic situation. Today many person-centered therapists are focused on the family, however it has been found to be effective in many areas of therapy. I personally can see it being very effective in cases of depression, where a client is so low in positive self regard that they need to feel that someone else can actually care for them enough to listen. In research done by Greenberg and Watson (1998), of which compared client centered therapy and an experimental treatment using the principals of client centered therapy and its effect on depression, found that both had an effect on the therapy’s outcome. It was the experimental conditional along with the principals based of Rogers’s theory that ha d superior effects on the overall levels of self esteem and reduction of interpersonal problems. This research shows that although alone, these principals may not always be the exact answer, paired with other ideas it can have an impact on the client’s life. This paper is to show that these principals are in fact pillars or fundamentals of any and all problems that may be presented to a therapist. These are just attitudes that if followed correctly can bring about an atmosphere for change in a clients life. As Rogers states it, â€Å"people are essentially trustworthy, that they have a vast potential for understanding themselves and resolving their own problems without direct intervention on the therapists part, and that they are capable of self directed growth if they are involved in a specific kind of therapeutic relationship† (Corey, 2005). Corey, Gerald. (2005) Theory and Practice of Counseling Psychotherapy. Thomson Books; Belmont, CA. Greenberg L., Watson J, (1998) Experiential Therapy of Depression: Differential Effects of Client-Centered Relationship Conditions and Process Experiential Interventions. The Journal for Psychotherapy Research. Vol. 8, Number 2, pp. 210- 224 Iberg, J.R. (1996) Finding the body’s next step: Ingredients and hindrances. The Journal for focusing and experiential therapy, vol 15, 13-42. Lietaer, Germain (1993), Beyond Carl Rogers, Constable, London Prouty, Gary, (1994) Theoretical evolutions in person-centered/ experiential therapy. Applications to schizophrenic and retarded psychosis. Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT Rogers, Carl (1980) A way of being. Rogers, Carl (1992) The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Dec 1992, vol. 60, No. 6 pp. 827-832. Research Papers on The Person-Centered ApproachThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Project Managment Office SystemOpen Architechture a white paperIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Battle of Bennington - American Revolution

Battle of Bennington - American Revolution The Battle of Bennington was fought during the American Revolution (1775-1783).  Part of the Saratoga Campaign, the Battle of Bennington took place on August 16, 1777. Commanders Armies: Americans Brigadier General John StarkColonel Seth Warner2,000 men British Hessian Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich BaumLieutenant Colonel Heinrich von Breymann1,250 men Battle of Bennington - Background During the summer of 1777, British Major General John Burgoyne advanced down the Hudson River valley from Canada with the goal of splitting the rebellious American colonies in two. After winning victories at Fort Ticonderoga, Hubbardton, and Fort Ann, his advance began to slow due to treacherous terrain and harassment from American forces. Running low on supplies, he ordered Lt. Colonel Friedrich Baum to take 800 men to raid the American supply depot at Bennington, VT. Upon leaving Fort Miller, Baum believed there to be only 400 militia guarding Bennington. Battle of Bennington - Scouting the Enemy While en route, he received intelligence that the garrison had been reinforced by 1,500 New Hampshire militiamen under the command of Brigadier General John Stark. Outnumbered, Baum halted his advance at the Walloomsac River and requested additional troops from Fort Miller. In the meantime, his Hessian troops built a small redoubt on the heights overlooking the river. Seeing that he had Baum outnumbered, Stark began to reconnoiter the Hessian position on August 14 and 15. On the afternoon of the 16th, Stark moved his men into position to attack. Battle of Bennington - Stark Strikes Realizing that Baums men were spread thin, Stark ordered his men to envelop the enemys line, while he assaulted the redoubt from the front. Moving to the attack, Starks men were able to quickly rout Baums Loyalist and Native American troops, leaving only the Hessians in the redoubt. Fighting valiantly, the Hessians were able to hold their position until they ran low on powder. Desperate, they launched a saber charge in an attempt to break out. This was defeated with Baum mortally wounded in the process. Trapped by Starks men, the remaining Hessians surrendered. As Starks men were processing their Hessian captives, Baums reinforcements arrived. Seeing that the Americans were vulnerable, Lt. Colonel Heinrich von Breymann and his fresh troops immediately attacked. Stark quickly reformed his lines to meet the new threat. His situation was bolstered by the timely arrival of Colonel Seth Warners Vermont militia, which aided in repulsing von Breymanns assault. Having blunted the Hessian attack, Stark and Warner counterattacked and drove von Breymanns men from the field. Battle of Bennington - Aftermath Impact During the Battle of Bennington, the British Hessians suffered 207 killed and 700 captured to only 40 killed and 30 wounded for the Americans. The victory at Bennington aided in the subsequent American triumph at Saratoga by depriving Burgoynes army of vital supplies and provided a much-needed​ morale boost for the American troops on the northern frontier.

Top 7 Job Skills You’ll Need in 10 Years To Stay Up To Date

Top 7 Job Skills You’ll Need in 10 Years To Stay Up To Date There’s an awful lot of doomsday chatter about the future of the workforce and how all our jobs will be replaced by robots by 2020. A lot of that might be true. The World Economic Forum’s 2016 Future of Jobs Report estimated that over 5 million jobs will be lost to automation by that time- and that number will only continue to grow. Your usual fall back jobs- you know those â€Å"safe bets† your parents always lectured you about: manufacturing, law, administrative jobs, etc.- these will probably suffer the most cuts. But the good news is this: in times of great change, there’s always room for the enterprising and entrepreneurial to clean up. It’s just that there will be new and different skills to master- skills that will be most valuable in a new economy and in a changing world.Here are some of the top skills you’ll need if you want to get a leg up on the future of the workforce.1. TechTech skills will of course be in high demand, as will an ything to do with â€Å"computational thinking.† If the world is being taken over by computers, you’ll need to think like one. Learn to manage and synthesize the massive amounts of data we already process daily- and make sense of patterns.Jobs that will be fairly secure include: software developer, computer systems analyst, market research analyst, and marketing specialist- among other positions. In short: boost your analytical skills.2. Soft SmartsIf you’re just not a techie person, never fear. It will take a very long time for robots to be as emotionally intelligent as people, or as socially savvy. Focus on social intelligence and literacy with new media forms and platforms and you’ll be just fine. Sales, marketing, customer service, etc. are all the new â€Å"safe bets.†3. World BuildingVirtual reality already feels like a retro technology, but it’s here to stay. And it’s appearing more and more in everyday use. If you have skills that can lead to creating, managing, and manipulating virtual worlds, you’re golden. Also, storytelling skills will prove to be invaluable. It’s not all CGI bells and whistles. Someone has to make the worlds believable.4. AdaptationUnfortunately, â€Å"being adaptable† isn’t really a thing you can get paid to do exactly, but it is a skill you’ll need for almost anything in the changing workforce. Expand yourself and your mind, get outside your comfort zone and stay there- comfort zones will be disappearing altogether.Also make sure to learn and understand deeply how business works. Figure out ways to make a living as an independent contractor, or scout jobs in management analysis, accounting, and auditing.5. Constant LearningWith so much information, data, and constant change, those who keep on top of the latest trends and information will have a major leg up. Don’t rest on the laurels of what you know. Keep learning, even if only in 10 minu te chunks while commuting. Learn coding. Refresh your C++. Try a new language. And if you can do all this and teach or train, then you’re in great shape to stay employed.6. CaregivingAgain, if you’re just not that into business or tech, remember there will always be a need for caregivers- especially as the human lifespan lengthens. You’ll be relieved to know that nearly half of the hottest sectors for jobs through 2025 are health care or caregiving related. Anything in the fields of medical tech, physical therapy, workplace ergonomics, veterinary medicine, etc. Even medical secretaries and medical assistants will stay employed.7. Shallow ExpertiseThere will always be a need for specialists. But if you aren’t one, or you don’t care to become one, the new world will also require a host of people who can be ready to be a â€Å"shallow expert† on nearly anything at a moment’s notice. The sooner you can become well-versed on a wide variety of software programs, platforms, systems, and services, the more likely you are to stay on top.

USS Arkansas (BB-33) in World War II

USS Arkansas (BB-33) in World War II Nation:  United StatesType:  BattleshipShipyard:  New York Shipbuilding, Camden, NJLaid Down:  January 25, 1910Launched:  January 14, 1911Commissioned:  September 17, 1912Fate:  Sunk July 25, 1947, during Operation Crossroads USS Arkansas  (BB-33) - Specifications Displacement:  26,000  tonsLength:  562 ft.Beam:  93.1 ft.Draft:  28.5 ft.Propulsion:  12  Babcock and Wilcox  coal-fired boilers  with oil spray, 4-shaft  Parsons  direct-drive  steam turbinesSpeed:  20.5  knotsComplement:  1,063  men​ Armament (As Built) 12 Ãâ€"  12-inch/50 caliber Mark 7  guns21 Ãâ€"  5/51 caliber guns2 Ãâ€" 21  torpedo tubes USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Design Construction Conceived at the 1908 Newport Conference, the  Wyoming-class of battleship was the US Navys fourth type of dreadnought after the earlier  -,  -, and  -classes.  The first incarnations of the design came about through war games and debates as the earlier classes had not yet entered service.  Central among the conferences findings was the need for increasingly larger calibers of main guns.  During the latter months of 1908, discussions  ensued over the configuration and armament of the new class with various layouts  being considered.  On March 30, 1909, Congress authorized  construction of two Design 601 battleships.  The Design 601 plans  called for a ship approximately 20% larger than the  Florida-class and carrying twelve 12 guns.   Named  USS  Wyoming  (BB-32) and USS  Arkansas  (BB-33), the two ships of the new class were powered by twelve Babcock and Wilcox coal-fired boilers with direct drive turbines turning four propellers.  The arrangement of the main armament saw the twelve 12 guns mounted in  six twin turrets in  superfiring (one firing over the other) pairs forward, amidships, and aft.  To support the main guns, naval architects added twenty-one 5 guns with the bulk placed in individual casemates below the main deck. Additionally, the battleships carried two 21 torpedo tubes.  For protection, the  Wyoming-class utilized the main armor belt eleven inches thick.   Assigned to New York Shipbuilding Corporation in Camden, NJ, construction started  on Arkansas  on January 25, 1910.  Work advanced over the next year and  the new battleship entered the water on January 14, 1911, with Nancy Louise Macon of Helena, Arkansas  serving as sponsor.  Construction concluded the following year and  Arkansas  shifted to the Philadelphia Navy Yard where it entered commission on September 17, 1912, with Captain Roy C. Smith  in command. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Early Service Departing Philadelphia,  Arkansas  steamed north to New York to take part in a fleet review for President William H. Taft.  Embarking the president, it then carried him south to the Panama Canal construction site before conducting a brief shakedown cruise.  Retrieving Taft,  Arkansas  transported him to Key West in December before joining the Atlantic Fleet.  Taking part in routine maneuvers during the majority of 1913, the battleship steamed for Europe that fall.  Making goodwill calls around the Mediterranean, it arrived in Naples in October and aided in celebrating the birthday of King Victor Emmanuel III.  Returning home,  Arkansas  sailed for the Gulf of Mexico in early 1914 as tensions with Mexico increased. In late April, Arkansas  took part in the US occupation of Veracruz.  Contributing four companies of infantry to the landing force, the battleship supported the fighting from offshore.  During the battle for the city,  Arkansas detachment sustained two killed while two members won the Medal of Honor for their actions.  Remaining in the vicinity through the summer, the battleship returned to Hampton Roads in October.  Following repairs at New York, Arkansas  began three years of standard operations with the Atlantic Fleet.  These consisted of training and exercises in northern waters during the summer months and in the Caribbean in the winter.   USS Arkansas (BB-33) - World War I Serving with Battleship Division 7 in early 1917, Arkansas  was in Virginia when the US entered World War I that April.  Over the next fourteen months, the battleship operated along the East Coast training gun crews.  In July 1918,  Arkansas  transited the Atlantic and relieved USS  Delaware  (BB-28) which was serving with the 6th Battle Squadron in Admiral Sir David Beattys British Grand Fleet. Operating with the 6th Battle Squadron for the remainder of the war, the battleship sortied in late November along with the Grand Fleet to escort the German High Seas Fleet into internment at Scapa Flow.  Detached from the Grand  Fleet on December 1,  Arkansas  and other American naval forces steamed for Brest, France where they met the liner SS  George Washington  which was carrying President Woodrow Wilson to the peace conference at Versailles.  This done, the battleship sailed for New York where it arrived on December 26. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Interwar Years In May  1919,  Arkansas served as a guide ship for a flight of US Navy Curtiss NC flying boats as they attempted a trans-Atlantic flight before receiving  orders to join the Pacific Fleet that summer.  Passing through the Panama Canal,  Arkansas  spent two years in the Pacific during which time it visited Hawaii and Chile.  Returning to the Atlantic in 1921, the battleship spent the next four years conducting routine exercises and midshipmen training cruises.  Entering the Philadelphia Navy Yard in 1925,  Arkansas  underwent a modernization program which saw the installation of oil-fired boilers, a tripod mast aft, additional deck armor, as well as the trunking of the ships funnels into a single, larger funnel.  Rejoining the fleet in November 1926, the battleship spent the next several years in peacetime operations with the Atlantic and Scouting Fleets.  These included a variety of training cruises and fleet problems. Continuing to serve, Arkansas  was at Hampton Roads in September 1939 when World War II began in Europe.  Assigned to the Neutrality Patrol reserve force along with USS  New York  (BB-34), USS  Texas  (BB-35), and USS  Ranger  (CV-4), the battleship continued training activities into 1940.  The following July,  Arkansas  escorted US forces to the north to occupy Iceland before being present at the Atlantic Charter conference a month later.  Resuming service with the Neutrality Patrol, it was at Casco Bay, ME on December 7 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - World War II Following training activities in the North Atlantic,  Arkansas  arrived at Norfolk in March 1942 for an overhaul.  This saw a reduction in the vessels secondary armament and an enhancement of its anti-aircraft defenses.  After a shakedown cruise in the Chesapeake,  Arkansas  escorted a convoy to Scotland in August.  It repeated this run again in October.  Beginning in November, the battleship began protecting convoys bound for North Africa as part of Operation Torch.  Continuing in this duty until May 1943,  Arkansas  then moved to a training role in the Chesapeake.  That fall, it received orders to aid in escorting convoys to Ireland. In April 1944, Arkansas  commenced shore bombardment training in Irish waters in preparation for the invasion of Normandy.  Sortieing on June 3, the battleship joined Texas  in Group II before arriving off Omaha Beach three days later.  Opening fire at 5:52 AM,  Arkansas first shots in combat struck German positions behind the beach.  Continuing to engage targets through the day, it remained offshore supporting Allied operations for the next week.  Operating along the Norman coast for the rest of the month, Arkansas  shifted to the Mediterranean in July to provide fire support for Operation Dragoon.  Striking targets along the French Riviera in mid-August, the battleship then sailed for Boston. Undergoing a refit,  Arkansas  prepared for service in the Pacific.  Sailing in November, the battleship reached Ulithi in early 1945.  Assigned to Task Force 54,  Arkansas  took part in the invasion of Iwo Jima beginning on February 16.  Departing in March, it sailed for Okinawa where it provided fire support for Allied troops following the landings on April 1.  Remaining offshore into May, the battleships guns bombarded Japanese positions.  Withdrawn to Guam and then the Philippines, Arkansas  remained there into August.  Sailing for Okinawa late in the month, it was at sea when the word was received that the war had ended. USS Arkansas (BB-33) - Later Career Assigned to Operation Magic Carpet,  Arkansas  aided in returning American servicemen from the Pacific.  Employed in this role through the end of the year, the battleship then remained at San Francisco through the early part of 1946.  In May, it departed for Bikini Atoll via Pearl Harbor.  Arriving at Bikini in June, Arkansas  was designated as a target ship for the Operation Crossroads atomic bomb testing.  Surviving Test ABLE on July 1, the battleship was sunk on July 25 following the underwater detonation of Test BAKER.  Officially decommissioned four days later,  Arkansas  was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on August 15. Selected Sources DANFS: USS  Arkansas  (BB-33)NHHC: USS  Arkansas  (BB-33)U-boat.net: USS  Arkansas  (BB-33)

God Overreact and Floods the world by Alan Dershowitz

God Overreact and Floods the world by Alan Dershowitz This article creates a shocking and compelling impression after reading it, and conceptualizing the claims of the author. Dershowitz has developed a clear and critical view on the story of the flood in the Bible.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on God Overreact and Floods the world by Alan Dershowitz specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through his compelling writing ability, the author has developed a very clear picture highlighting the imperfections of God in the Beginning. This outlook on God’s character is frightening because it makes the reader feel like the author is openly criticizing the power of God. Dershowitz openly claims that God may not have been perfect in the beginning. The author compares the Supreme-being with the rest of the humans with reference to the ability of assuming evil deeds. Dershowitz’s interpretation of the story of the flood is quite impressive from a critical point o f view because he does not leave any room for propagated bias. He looks deep into the various analogies that various people have developed over the centuries with relation to story. Dershowitz does not hesitate to negate or approve the various interpretations of the story by theology professors. His interpretation revolves around a literal and inner meaning of the story of the flood story. It is quite easy for the reader to identify with the logic presented by the author in the story. Dershowitz’s comparison of the story of the floods in the Bible with the issues in the world has helped in the creation of a mental picture about his claims and sentiments about the action done by God. Unlike most people, Dershowitz does not hold back in the criticizing of God’s actions as revealed into the story. He examines each analogy and presents valid arguments that spark deeper thoughts about the controversial decisions made by God. For the better part of the article, Dershowitz ha s criticized the Bible in a very fair manner. He not only gives credit to the generally accepted interpretations of this story in the Bible, but he also acknowledges the power of God. One may think that the author is too harsh in his criticism of God’s actions, but he has done it in the fairest manner possible. First, he acknowledges that God was the creator of the people and animals that he would later destroy. He also acknowledges that God has the power to do whatever he wants. His main concern is about the justice part that defines the character of God. Based on his sentiments about the flood, it is clear that he believes that God made a mistake, and tried to cover for it by making promises to Noah.Advertising Looking for critical writing on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Only a biased reader would find the article violating to the Bible. It is a common thing for people to read verses o r chapters in the bible, and interpret them according to how they want the stories to mean. The Bible is open to translations that are constructive. In Dershowitz’s article, he escapes this biased approach in interpreting the Bible and assumes a critical view, which portrays curiosity in defining the character of God. It is quite easy to share his sentiments because he has presented his argument in a concise and believable way. Indeed, if Dershowitz’s sentiments are real, God may have overreacted in His actions in the story of the floods. This may offend many Christians, but the logic in the critique of the story is too compelling to ignore.

Strangles Prevention essays

Strangles Prevention essays Strangles is a highly contagious infection that plagues horses, and it needs to be controlled. The transmission of strangles is very easy, and its effects on horses are very serious. Vaccines should be required for all horses. Measures need to be taken to control the spread of strangles immediately. Strangles is the common term for streptococcus equi bacterium (Small). The name strangles comes from the effects of the bacteria. The streptococcus bacteria cause abscesses in the throat of a horse(Kunz). These abscesses grow so large they cut off the trachea and strangle the horse(Kunz 1). Infection in one to five percent of cases may spread to other organs of the body(Kunz 1). The infection of other organs is called Bastard Strangles (Prescott 2). This type of strangles can create a brain abscess that has the potential to rupture, which would cause immediate death in a horse. The Animal Health Trust states, The disease (strangles) can be severe and prolonged with up to ten percent of cases dying of complications,(Chanter 1). A horse may build up immunities to strangles, but first it has to contract the bacteria. Of the horses that do contract the strangles bacteria 25 percent do not develop the immunity to the bacteria (Equivac 1). Horses can contract strangles a number of ways. Foals are especially high at risk. The main distribution of the bacteria is by nose discharges and burst abscesses, therefore anything an infected horse is in contact with has the bacteria (Small 1). The Streptococcus Equi bacteria is hardy and can live in straw for months and on any other object for periods of time (Horses in the News 4). This leaves farms with horses traveling in and out and any other horse recreation susceptible to a strangles outbreak. The complications of strangles causes a serious problem in the horse world. Poor horse management is to blame. There is a vaccine available to ...

Chinatown and Evelyn Mulwray Essay

Chinatown and Evelyn Mulwray Essay Chinatown and Evelyn Mulwray Essay Chinatown Film Analysis Chinatown directed by Roman Polanski created in 1974 explores the dark and twisted world of a P.I just trying to do his job. Polanski tries to show that things and people are not what they seem most of the time. He does this in a numerous amount of ways, including a very talented cast consisting of Jack Nicholson as JJ â€Å"Jake† Gittes, Faye Dunaway as Evelyn Cross Mulwray, John Huston as Noah Cross, and Diane Ladd as Ida Sessions. Chinatown is follows JJ as what he thinks is a simple marital dispute between two lovers turns into a covered up murder by corrupt men with power who want more of it. Polanski shows the theme of â€Å"everything is not what it seems† in ways throughout the film. Visually, Polanski uses camera angles to trick the audience. In the very beginning the camera is extremely zoomed in completely on a set of pictures JJ is showing a man named Curly, played by Burt Young. These are pictures of Curly’s wife and another man, as they zoom out we hear a noise that sounds like someone crying, after some time we can make sense of this whole scene. Curly had hired JJ to find out if his wife was cheating! This tells us that JJ is an investigator of some sort and Curly is his customer. Aurally, the dialogue is the main focus in this film. A woman named Ida Sessions comes to JJ’s office and claims she’s Evelyn Mulwray. When she says the, the audience is tricked into thinking that, yeah she’s Evelyn Mulwray. As the audience is tricked, so is JJ. She hires them under the impression that she’s trying to find out if her husband is a cheater. Another use of dialogue is when Noah Cross, the real Evelyn Mulwray’s father, asks JJ to find the women who his daughter’s husband is cheating with. What he really wants is his granddaughter since Mr.Mulwray wasn’t really cheating but spending time with Evelyn’s daughter. This also explains why the real Evelyn claims she knew her husband was cheating but didn’t care, because he wasn’t really cheating but spending time with this girl like she’s his daughter. Performance, the actor’s performance added a lot to this film. Jack Nicholson did amazing at portraying a man who had seen it all. He was tough and hard boiled. Faye Dunaway did a great job at playing the woman who had done everything to her benefit. Faye would play a woman who could easily manipulate men with her good looks and get her way. Jack Huston had done a good job portraying a corrupt man who could use his money to buy power. These characters were essential to the film, they

RA #8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

RA #8 - Assignment Example We can also derive suitable instincts by establishing a balance between emotions and intellect (Hayashi 9). The information about how emotions can enhance intuitive decision-making can help me to improve my creative problem solving skills. Indeed, balancing my emotions will allow me to use my creativity and professionalism in solving problems. Moreover, balancing my emotions will allow me to research and apply relevant knowledge in making decisions that defines creative problem solving. The ability to recognize similar universal patterns across disparate fields is another interesting topic that I encountered in the reading (Hayashi 8). Indeed, such abilities enhance professional judgments. Identifying universal patterns in decision-making is a rare trait that many executives lack or disregard. There are standards and patterns that define intuitive decision making in diverse fields. The ability to identify these universal patterns can enable individuals to make homogenous and suitable decisions within short time. The information about universal patterns of making decisions across different fields can help me to improve my creative problem solving skills since I will possess the unique ability to solve different problems in a standard, suitable, and faster manner. The information will help me to establish a decision making culture that will depict my creativity in addressing various

Pharmacology ( Paramedic ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pharmacology ( Paramedic ) - Essay Example the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Ipilimumab as obtained from a similar research, the cost effectiveness of ipilimumab was found to be $78,218 per life year gained (Barzey et al. 2012, p. 73). This means that the ipilimumab is more cost effective. Adrenergic drugs are the pharmacological compounds that stimulate adrenergic nerves directly. They do this by mimicking the action of epinephrine or adrenaline in the body or stimulating their release. These drugs are used I treatment of life-threatening disorders including asthma, cardiovascular conditions such as cardiac arrest and in allergic reactions. Adrenergic receptors are widely distributed in the body and these drugs act on these receptors. However, their selectivity determines the receptors that the drug group will act on and hence the efficacy and side effects. There are two major groups of adrenergic receptors, which are alpha-receptors and beta-receptors. Those that act selectively on alpha-receptors are associated with constriction of blood vessels especially in the bronchial mucosa and relaxation of gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Those that are beta selective relax bronchial smooth muscles and dilation of bronchi. The beta-adrenoceptors also increase the heart rate and contractility of the heart. This means that using a drug such as salbutamol, which is a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist in asthma will be effective in causing dilation of the bronchi and hence relieve of symptoms. In addition, the drug will cause a considerable increase in heart rate and heart contractility as side effects due to its action on the heart muscles (Baker 2010, pp 1048-1061). The enzyme phosphodiesterase-5 is responsible for the degradation of cGMP in the smooth muscles of small blood vessels especially in the corpus cavernous of the penile shaft. The enzymes are also present in the arterial smooth muscles of the lungs. Inhibitors of this enzyme relieve erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Since

Stock Market Investing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stock Market Investing - Assignment Example This first pair of stocks belongs to companies involved in consumer non-durables (Coca Cola) and energy (Exxon Mobil) industries primary. Oil production is a world-known powerful business worth on investing. Nowadays all the geopolitics is somehow connected to energy sources, because without energy no production’s possible. However, this also brings specific risks. Like many oil companies, Exxon Mobil relies on oil from often unstable (politically, economically) regions. Thus, any geopolitical events can influence the stock prices. Coca Cola Company is an enterprise, working world-wide for many years, so there’re not many chances Coca Cola would bankrupt as consumer non-durables industry generally, is developing. However, Reeves admits that in 2015 when interest in bearing assets may be back, it would â€Å"rotate a lot of capital out of low-growth, low-dividend stocks like Coca Cola† (Reeves). Second pair of stocks (General Electric and Pepsi) looks pretty much like the first one, yet when looking into history of stock performances on NASDAQ, General Electric shows a poorer dynamic comparing to Exxon Mobil. Meanwhile, Exxon Mobile has their dividends growing during several last years, and though this year prices are decreased comparing to 2014, one can expect they rise along with profit. Coca Cola has generally stable dividends for 3 years with slight increase and performs better this year comparing to 2014. Pepsi performs with increasing success for the last years, increasing stock price and dividends too. Thus, it’s General Electric’s performing (too stable to earn money) what drags Pepsi down with. In third pair, Procter and Gamble has shown a decreasing trend during last months, and despite their dividends are increasing from year to year, other pair member, General Motors has only one year of dividends practice. Thus, it can be concluded that Coca Cola and Exxon Mobile

Developing an effective classroom management plan Essay

Developing an effective classroom management plan - Essay Example A positive learning environment can only be created when this philosophy is kept in mind. At the basic level, a classroom simply comprises of a teacher and a group of students. However, a classroom cannot exist in isolation; it comes under the control of a school. Similarly, a school is also required to report to district authorities. Hence, there are multiple stakeholders acting together in this case and each has their own role to play. The role of each of these should be defined in way which maximizes the exchange of knowledge, and creates and maintains the learning environment. Moreover, these roles should also be used as the rules in effectively maintaining a positive learning environment in a K-12 classroom. Let us consider the roles and responsibilities for each of the members one by one. Teachers play the central role in a classroom. A teacher is the one who controls the entire class and it is his skills and capabilities which play a vital role in the learning environment of the class. In some cases, the teacher is the primary source of knowledge who communicates this knowledge to the students. In some cases, the teacher is merely a facilitator who assists the students in acquiring knowledge from textbooks. However, in any case, the role of teacher is indispensible. The role of the teacher should be defined in a way that he is able to effectively communicate with the students and interact with them. It should not be a merely one-sided communication, but the students should respond back. Hence, it is important that the teacher thoroughly knows what he is teaching. He should know all aspects of the topic and should be ready to answer any questions from the students relevant to the topic. Another important role of a teacher is to reward the students for their good perf ormance and punish the students for poor performance. This serves to improve the motivation of students towards the class. Moreover, he should make use of the tools and equipments, such

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Music - Essay Example However, in October 2005 the famous three (Dave Gahan, Martin L. Gore and Andrew Fletcher) released Precious (the 1st single from the CD), and soon after it the CD itself. It is crucial to pay profound attention to the track list of the CD so that to have a better understanding of the overall mood and musical qualities of Playing the Angel. The opening song of the CD â€Å"A pain that I’m used to† is exclusively powerful and emotional. It is very integral, and at the same time filled with various musical elements. The â€Å"industrial† noise at the beginning of the track transform into pulsing rhythm at the background and the reserved vocal line of David Gahan. Bit by bit the sound comes back to the roughness and the craziness of the initial motive. Contrasted to this musical aggression are the â€Å"phlegmatic† guitar parts. â€Å"John The Revelator† is the seconds track of the album, and it is close in its musical characteristics to the first one. Its zest is in the combination of vivid rock’n’roll-style melody, electronic effects and old-fashioned accompaniment. â€Å"Suffer Well† has amazing refrain that is at the same time extremely expressive, ecstatic and elevated. â€Å"The Sinner In Me† is gloomy and a bit tense, with a lot of nice electronic effects. But its problem is that is it situated between two real masterpieces – â€Å"Suffer Well† and â€Å"Precious†. â€Å"Precious† is the first single from Playing The Angel and reminds of their earlier song Enjoy The Silence. In both songs the voice of Depeche Mode’s frontman David Gahan has similar vocal qualities: it is melancholic and a bit â€Å"distant†. The song has a very remarkable keyboard party that contains magical elements in each and every sound and in its overall harmony. â€Å"Macro† is one of the two songs at the CD with Martin L. Gore’s vocal. The refrain of

Pre-hospital care the effects of adequate chest compression to cardiac Research Paper

Pre-hospital care the effects of adequate chest compression to cardiac arrest patients - Research Paper Example This essay will discuss the effect of chest compression in the management of patients or victims of cardiac arrest. Chest compression involves multiple anatomical structures. Importantly, it involves all the systems significant in oxygenation of tissues. The three systems involved are the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system and the nervous system. The respiratory system involves the airways, the ribcage and the attached intercostal muscles. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and the blood vessels that supply the lungs while the nervous system involve the nervous system that supply the above structures that sense (Tortora & Derrickson, 2008). Cardiac arrest involves sudden stoppage or cessation in cardiac activity resulting to hemodynamic collapse. Typically, this is due to sustained ventricular fibrillations or tachycardia. Other common conditions that lead to cardiac arrest include myocardial infarction, brain hemorrhage, severe multiple traumas or severe electrolyte imbalance in the body. Following arrest, the blood flow is altered with less than 30 % delivery to the lungs. Consequently, the amount of oxygenated blood circulating in the body system decrease leading to death of vital organs like brain, heart and kidneys. If not arrested early, the brain may die within six second due to hypoxia. Chest compression is, therefore, meant to increase oxygen delivery to the vital centers before the definitive treatment measure is put in place. Sudden cardiac arrest is mostly associated with coronary heart disease. Therefore, any condition that predisposes one to coronary disease may be a risk factor to cardiac arrest. These factors include old age, diabetes, and obesity, high blood pressure, smoking sedentary lifestyle, high blood cholesterol and familiar history of coronary disease. Another factor that may predispose one to a heart attack is a previous

International Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Law - Assignment Example In this regard, obligations erga omnes should be accepted as international law due to the fact that they are based on natural law which must be observed and respected by all states, regardless of jurisdiction5. In this regard, Francisco (33) this kind of law takes precedence over treaty law where international law is concerned due to its nature and the need to protect the basic human rights. It also helps states to be accountable with regard to their actions and this in turn promotes peace6. .7 This is an indication of just how important it is for states to look at these universal obligations as international law8. Treating these obligations as international laws is important for states as it not only also protects them from abuse by other states, but sets clear precedent as to how they should treat other countries and their citizens in cases where there are no clear lines of actions9. A good example of where this is applicable is the issue of torture which is now interminably regard ed as illegal in the face of international law10. As Christian (95) says, it is necessary for all states to understand their legal obligations towards each other in order to have a harmonious existence as the international community. ... This is also echoed by Christian13 who also argues that all states must be able to follow the protocols of international law even in cases where there are no clear guidelines. According to him, where there are no clear guidelines, states must look at the fundamental human rights and use them as the beacon14. International treaties and statues such as the Rome statues are based on this kind of legal precedence that is grounded on the application of universal natural human rights15. Basic human rights are fundamentally international law as every human being is entitled to these rights regardless of where they are16. The Rome statues for instance looks at the rights of soldiers who are captured at war and the captor country is, under the Rome Statue, not allowed to torture the captives as this is an aggravation of basic human rights17. As Francisco (205) says, international humanitarian law is based on the fact that a violation of this law towards even one individual is a violation of t he same towards all mankind. This is predicated by the same declaration with regard to slavery and marine piracy which, when committed is seen under international as a violation not only to the circumstantial victims but also to the rest of mankind18. The violation of the basic human rights such as the deprivation of dignity, the denial of due process etc, to one individual is seen as an undermining of human life all over the world19. Bibliography Andre, Hoogh. Obligations Erga Omnes and International Crimes: A Theoretical Inquiry Into the Implementation and Enforcement of the International Responsibility of States. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

American Literature 17th-19th Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Literature 17th-19th Century - Essay Example Tom Paine’s in his literary work the â€Å"Rights of Man† described King George as a â€Å"royal brute.† In the first part of the book, Paine attacks the whole essence of monarchy. Unlike his colleague Burke, Paine insists that each society has the privilege to establish a solid foundation of their own government without the consistent oppression of a monarch. Paine attacks King George III from all angles as he considers King George to be an â€Å"unfit leader† in many aspects. First and foremost is the fact that he used the colonist’s tax money to fund his poor decisions as a King but also to pay for his son’s misfortunes. Paine elaborately describes this dilemma as he states, â€Å"The burden of the national debt consists not in its being so many millions, or so many hundred millions, but in the quantity of taxes collected every year to pay the interest. If this quantity continue the same, the burden of the national debt is the same to all intents and purposes, be the capital more or less† (Paine, 20). Clearly, he is irate at the fact that the colonists have to atone for the burden for the King’s self-pursuit interests. According to his perspective, the King wanted to "keep the rebels harassed, anxious, and poor, until the day when, by a natural and inevitable process, discontent and disappointment were converted into penitence and remorse† (Paine, 24). Paine’s point of emphasis continues to be the fact that government is for the living and not for the dead. Heredity power should be acquired through the choice of the people and is not heredity. Paine was one of the most prominent philosophers that dominated the philosophy scene in his era. One cannot ignore the fact that Paine was writing during an era where warfare plagued society. Clearly, Paine wanted to establish the fact the notion of commonwealth in this statement. In commonwealth, the notion a covenant is established. A covenant in

Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Aviation - Essay Example At Miami airport, Jeff Bunting is in charge of airport noise mitigation operations and finds better ways of handling complaints filed by the neighbouring community. He has a great experience working with airports and he once helped New York come up with the best noise mitigation programs for helicopters. Noise management is never a one body role but also involves the federal government and also the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that determines the amount of airspace that a plane can cover to ensure safety. While trying to manage noise at their airports, there should be better plans on how the airport is designed including the flow of the runways. The place where land is acquired for constructing airports should also be well analysed in terms of the direction of flow of wind. This not only controls the landing and taking off of planes, but also minimizes the noise that reach community if well structured. Pilots and other stakeholders in airport operations should ensure that th eir planes have fitted noise management equipment from their manufacturers (Young & Wells, 2011). The NPIAS is a body authorized by the FAA and its main purpose is to make sure that public use airports are offering the best services by ensuring safety of its passengers. This body even checks for the safety of landing grounds for helicopters, including airports that are part of the NPIAS. Airports registered with NPIAS must meet some requirements including the fact that it should possess a minimum of ten aircraft within a period of five years and a potential sponsor who might take charge of the airport and develop it (Young & Wells, 2011). On the other hand, the National Airport System Plan (NASP) has the responsibility of assessing the factors to be considered when improving airport facilities. The two organizations are closely linked because NPIAS evolved from NASP so their main purpose tends to be airport services improvement. However, NPIAS is determined to bring change

A hotel company I can call home Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A hotel company I can call home - Research Paper Example Corporate Offices The company’s headquarters is based in the US, in Atlanta Georgia, on 4445 Willard Avenue, Suite 800Â  Chevy Chase, Md. 20815. The company runs other 80 luxury hotels and restaurants in 26 countries including Austria, Canada, Bahrain, Chile, Egypt, China, Cayman Islands, Germany, Indonesia, Italy, Ireland, Korea, Japan, Mexico, Malaysia, Portugal, Oman, Qatar, Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Spain, Singapore, The United Arab Emirates (UAE), Turkey, Virgin Islands and the US (The Ritz Carlton Hotel Fact Sheet, 2010). In the US, the company runs two luxurious hotels in New York, one at Central Park on 50 Central Park South, and the other at Battery Park on Two West Street (David Kamp, 216). The Ritz Carlton also has partners across Europe that help the company to offer its services in major cities around the continent. These partners include The Ritz London in the UK, Hotel Ritz Madrid in Spain, the BUKGAR Hotels and Resorts in London, and Milan. Key leader s and managers of the Ritz Carlton Hotel include Herve Humler, the President and Chief Operations Officer; Mr. Leeny K. Oberg, the Chief Financial Officer and Mr. Bob Kharazmi, the Global Officer, in charge of worldwide Operations. Public or Private Company The Ritz Carlton Hotel Company LLC is a private company with its headquarters in the US. ... rights to use the name The Ritz Carlton Hotel Company across the world and thus developed the company to operate in various locations around the world. The company has grown to become one of the best managed hotels in the US and around the world, with its great customer service recognized all over the world (David Kamp, 267). Brief History of the Company A renowned Swiss Hotelier, Cesar Ritz and his wife, started the Ritz Carlton. He ran the Ritz hotel in Paris, France and the Carlton hotel in London, UK. He teamed up with one of his best chefs, Auguste Escoffier to form the Ritz Carlton in 1913. Ritz died later on in 1918 and his wife decided to continue the business, opening up more branches under the same name. In 1926, Edward Wyner, a 29-year-old American, formed the Ritz Carlton Hotel in 1927, in Boston. After his death in 1961, his sons continued with the business and later on decide to sell it after it became difficult to run. The company was later on sold in 1983 to William B . Johnson, who moved the company to Atlanta and formed The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company LLC. The company has since then expanded its services in the US, across Europe and Asia with future plans to move to Africa, the Middle East and South America. The company currently operates independently as a division of the Marriott International (The Ritz Carlton Hotel Fact Sheet, 2010). Reputation The company has grown to become a leader in the hospitality industry and currently has a great reputation around the world as one of the best luxurious hotels. The company’s reputation began to grow under the leadership of COO Horst Schulze who revolutionized operations in the company by concentrating on both data driven and personal service. He coined the current employee Credo that is used to guide the

Access to E-Mail Essay Example for Free

Access to E-Mail Essay Traditionally, the standard of evaluation an administrative law judge might use when determining the importance of an error was the question of intent. If the person committing the error had no intent to cause harm, the additional evidence provided to the law enforcement agency would likely remain inadmissible, but there would be no penalties to either the provider of the information or the law enforcement agency receiving it. In fact, in not too ancient American history, the extra information would have been viewed as a bonus for the law enforcement agency and the discussion would have stopped there. However, in more recent cases, the court has placed a new set of restrictions and responsibilities on the law enforcement agency, possibly to the detriment of law enforcement. The best example of this new anti-law enforcement attitude is evidenced in Eric Lichtblau’s New York Times article â€Å"F. B. I. See more:  Capital budgeting essay Gained Unauthorized Access to E-Mail†. The article firmly places the blame for the mistake on the internet provider and yet expects the FBI to correct the mistake. â€Å"Marcia Hofmann, a lawyer for the privacy foundation, said the episode raised troubling questions about the technical and policy controls that the F. B. I. had in place to guard against civil liberties abuses. â€Å"How do we know what the F. B. I. does with all these documents when a problem like this comes up? † Ms. Hofmann asked. † (Lichtblau, 2008). The author likens the mistake to the FBI receiving a warrant to search one apartment and the landlord mistakenly giving them the keys to the whole building, but the problem with that analysis is that in this case, the FBI did not immediately know it had been given a master set of keys. Perhaps more appropriately would be to say that the FBI had permission to search a single book in the library and the librarian provided them with every book in the library. Somehow, privacy activists are claiming that the FBI must have a policy in place to prevent the mistake in the first place and clean it up when it does happen. Hofmann specifically questions how the FBI was disposing of the documents and there is a legitimate question there; however, the article misses the point and creates an administrative law nightmare for the bureau and subsequently for all law enforcement agencies. By implying that the FBI is somehow responsible for the manner in which other comply with search warrants, the newspaper article is promoting a significant shift in the administration of the law. Instead of simply asking law enforcement to be able to investigate crime and enforce that aspect of the law, we are asking them to act as administrators of the law as well. Though the title law enforcement does imply that they should be responsible for the administration of court orders including warrants, this new approach seems to blur the line between the court and the investigating agency, making it that much more difficult for the investigators to do their jobs. In the American tradition, with common law as its backing, law enforcement traditionally has served to enforce the compliance with administrative orders (like search warrants) only when the person responding to the warrant has refused to comply with the court’s orders. Now, with issues like the one discussed in this article, it appears that the focus may be changing and law enforcement may be charged with determining how well the respondent complies with the warrant as well. Though this initially will mean more work for the agency, as in this example, the FBI would need to ascertain that it received only the information in the search warrant, this could spell problems for civil rights down the road. If the law enforcement agency is now defining the degree of compliance with a search warrant, it is completely plausible that a future agency could demand more information than the warrant initially authorized and with the right judge, could justify whatever actions they took to get the information. The erosion of individual rights begins when we move away from judicial review of search warrant compliance and place it in the hands of law enforcement. Works Cited Lichtblau, Eric. â€Å"F. B. I. Gained Unauthorized Access to E-Mail†, New York Times, February 18, 2008. Available at: http://www. nytimes. com/2008/02/17/washington/17fisa. html? ex=1203829200en=58b05e0425027b1bei=5123partner=BREITBART, Accessed march 5, 2008.